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Abstract All of the fully sequenced iridoviruses have an ORF resembling a putative RNase III gene. However, to the best of our knowledge,
functional characterization of the iridovirus-encoded RNase III has not been done. In the present study, we have characterized
the putative RNase III of rock bream iridovirus (RBIV), the major cause of mass mortality of cultured rock bream
Oplegnathus fasciatus in Korea. RBIV RNase III has a single N-terminal endonuclease domain followed by a C-terminal double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)
binding domain. The true presence of the predicted ORF encoding RNase III in RBIV was confirmed by temporal transcription
analysis of the ORF in RBIV-infected grunt fin (GF) cells. Comparing the catalytic activity to that of previously reported
RNase III proteins, including
Escherichia coli RNase III, the present RBIV RNase III had different features in that: (1) the dsRNA substrate was cleaved by the RBIV RNase
III at high concentrations of Mg
2+ (520 mM) at low salt concentration (50 mM), but the enzyme activity was completely inhibited at 200 mM NaCl (within physiological
ranges) irrespective of Mg
2+ concentrations (0.520 mM); (2) the substrate dsRNA was cleaved at low concentrations of Mn
2+ (0.51 mM) at low salt concentration (50 mM) and was cleaved by increasing Mn
2+ (520 mM) at 200 mM salt. These features of RBIV RNase III are similar to
E. coli RNase III devoid of the C-terminal dsRBD region. The exact role of the RNase III in RBIV replication is not known, and further
studies are needed to elucidate whether the RNase III is involved in the suppression of host RNA interference, which attacks
viral mRNAs, or in the processing of viral RNAs for effective replication.
Content Type: Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00705-008-0162-2
Authors
Kosuke Zenke, Pukyong National University Department of Aquatic Life Medicine Pusan 608-737 South KoreaKi Hong Kim, Pukyong National University Department of Aquatic Life Medicine Pusan 608-737 South Korea
Archives of VirologyOnline ISSN: 1432-8798Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Abstract Complete nucleotide sequences of three strains (I, III, and IV) of
Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) isolated in Japan were determined. The length of the genome was the same among the three strains; RNA1 was 7,642
nt and RNA2 was 3,585 nt. The molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that strain I was most closely related to the Chinese
isolate, and these two strains formed one cluster with European isolates. Strains II, III, and IV, and the Korean isolate
formed another cluster. Amino acid sequences of each viral gene product were compared among strains. The sequences of the
VPg protein showed less identity among almost strains (less than 92%) than the sequences of other proteins (more than 93%).
VPg is thought to be involved in interactions with host factors, especially initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) or eIF(iso)4E, and
infection. Therefore, the relationship between amino acid substitutions and infection of host plants is analyzed.
Content Type: Journal ArticleCategory Annotated Sequence RecordDOI 10.1007/s00705-008-0163-1
Authors
H. Nishigawa, Utsunomiya University Center for Bioscience Research and Education Mine-machi 350 Utsunomiya 3218505 JapanT. Hagiwara, Utsunomiya University Faculty of Agriculture Utsunomiya JapanM. Yumoto, Utsunomiya University Faculty of Agriculture Utsunomiya JapanT. Sotome, Tochigi Prefectural Agricultural Experiment Station Tochigi JapanT. Kato, Tochigi Prefectural Agricultural Management Division Utsunomiya JapanT. Natsuaki, Utsunomiya University Center for Bioscience Research and Education Mine-machi 350 Utsunomiya 3218505 Japan
Archives of VirologyOnline ISSN: 1432-8798Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Abstract Piscine betanodavirus possesses a bipartite genome of single-stranded (+)RNAs. RNA2 cDNA of dragon grouper nervous necrosis
virus (DGNNV) has been expressed previously to form virus-like particles (VLPs), which are highly similar to the native virion.
Experiments with calcium-chelating or reducing/oxidizing reagents showed that the DGNNV VLPs required only calcium for particle
assembly. With the recombinant VLPs, site-directed mutagenesis can be employed to investigate the roles of calcium-binding
ligands in particle formation. The results of mutational analysis of DxxDxD, which is putatively involved in the coordination
of calcium ions, showed that the D133N mutation significantly disrupted the assembly of VLPs, while D130N and D135N mutants
produced heterogeneous VLPs with broken shapes. The thermal stability of the VLP-forming fractions demonstrated that VLPs
of the D135N mutant were stable at a temperature of 85°C, which is slightly higher than that for wild-type, whereas VLPs of
the D130N mutant could not tolerate the thermal effects at a temperature higher than 60°C. It was deduced that the three aspartate
residues of the motif DxxDxD are all important for the efficient formation of DGNNV VLPs and that, among them, the DxxD provides
a more stable coordinate of calcium ligand than DxD.
Content Type: Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00705-008-0150-6
Authors
Yi-Min Wu, National Sun Yat-sen University Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan, ROCChi-Hsin Hsu, National Sun Yat-sen University Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan, ROCChun-Hsiung Wang, National Sun Yat-sen University Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan, ROCWangta Liu, National Sun Yat-sen University Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan, ROCWei-hau Chang, Academia Sinica Institute of Chemistry Taipei 11529 Taiwan, ROCChan-Shing Lin, National Sun Yat-sen University Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources Kaohsiung 80424 Taiwan, ROC
Archives of VirologyOnline ISSN: 1432-8798Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Abstract Recombinant baculoviruses expressing the BEFV envelope glycoprotein G and non-structural glycoprotein G
NS were constructed. The G protein expressed in insect cells was located on the cell surface and induced spontaneous cell fusion
at mildly acidic pH. The expressed G protein reacted with MAbs to continuous and conformational neutralization sites (G1,
G2, G3b and G4), but not to conformational site G3a. The expressed G
NS protein was also located on the cell surface but did not exhibit fusogenic activity. The G
NS protein reacted with polyclonal antiserum produced from vaccinia-virus-expressed recombinant G
NS but did not react with G protein antibodies. A His
6-tagged, soluble form of the G protein was expressed and purified by Ni
2+NTA chromatography. The purified G protein reacted with BEFV-neutralizing MAbs to all continuous and conformational antigenic
sites. The highly protective characteristics of the native BEFV G protein suggest that the secreted, baculovirus-expressed
product may be a useful vaccine antigen.
Content Type: Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00705-008-0164-0
Authors
Jasjit Johal, Queensland Bioscience Precinct CSIRO Livestock Industries 308 Carmody Road St Lucia Qld 4072 AustraliaKarryn Gresty, Queensland Bioscience Precinct CSIRO Livestock Industries 308 Carmody Road St Lucia Qld 4072 AustraliaKritaya Kongsuwan, Queensland Bioscience Precinct CSIRO Livestock Industries 308 Carmody Road St Lucia Qld 4072 AustraliaPeter J. Walker, Queensland Bioscience Precinct CSIRO Livestock Industries 308 Carmody Road St Lucia Qld 4072 Australia
Archives of VirologyOnline ISSN: 1432-8798Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Abstract The complete genome sequence of a Chinese very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) strain, Harbin-1, was determined.
Based on the sequence analysis, the molecular characteristics and potential virulence determinants and origin of vvIBDV strains
were identified. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that a reassortment and/or recombination event may have occurred in the emergence
of Chinese vvIBDV strains.
Content Type: Journal ArticleCategory Brief ReportDOI 10.1007/s00705-008-0140-8
Authors
R. X. Xia, China Agricultural University Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Science 100094 Beijing ChinaH. Y. Wang, China Agricultural University Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Science 100094 Beijing ChinaG. M. Huang, China Agricultural University Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Science 100094 Beijing ChinaM. F. Zhang, China Agricultural University Laboratory for Animal Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Science 100094 Beijing China
Archives of VirologyOnline ISSN: 1432-8798Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Genetic study of hepatitis B virus in Indonesia reveals a new subgenotype of genotype B in east Nusa Tenggara
Content Type: Journal ArticleCategory ErratumDOI 10.1007/s00705-008-0142-6
Authors
Neni Nurainy, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology Jl. Diponegoro 69 Jakarta 10430 IndonesiaDavid H. Muljono, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology Jl. Diponegoro 69 Jakarta 10430 IndonesiaHerawati Sudoyo, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology Jl. Diponegoro 69 Jakarta 10430 IndonesiaSangkot Marzuki, Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology Jl. Diponegoro 69 Jakarta 10430 Indonesia
Archives of VirologyOnline ISSN: 1432-8798Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Volume 153
Volume 153, Number 8 / August, 2008
Abstract The genomes of eight granuloviruses (GVs), have been analyzed for the presence of homologous regions (
hrs) that may act as origins of replication. Thirteen 7476-bp palindromes within 11
hrs have previously been identified in the Cydia pomonella GV (CpGV) genome and found to replicate in an infection-dependent
DNA replication assay. We report a further palindrome within one of the
hrs, which was found to replicate, bringing the total to 14 palindromes. We also report imperfect palindromes, with similar
13-bp end sequences to the CpGV palindromes, within the Adoxophyes orana GV, Cryptophlebia leucotreta GV (CrleGV), Choristoneura
occidentalis GV and Phthorimaea operculella GV genomes. No
hrs were detected in Agrotis segetum GV, and no additional
hrs or palindromes, other than those published, were detected in the Plutella xylostella GV and Xestia c-nigrum GV genomes.
Several putative
hrs from the GVs were tested for replication in
C. pomonella cells using a CpGV-dependent replication assay. Two CrleGV
hrs were found to replicate at a low level.
Content Type: Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00705-008-0148-0
Authors
Sally Hilton, The University of Warwick Warwick HRI Wellesbourne Warwick CV35 9EF UKDoreen Winstanley, The University of Warwick Warwick HRI Wellesbourne Warwick CV35 9EF UK
Archives of VirologyOnline ISSN: 1432-8798Print ISSN: 0304-8608
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Volume 153, Number 8 / August, 2008
Abstract It is unclear how the hantaviruses are transferred from infected to uninfected rodents. We studied the status of persistently
infected laboratory mice and examined the frequency of viral transmission to their offspring. Expression of Hantaan virus
nucleocapsid protein was detected in the lungs of persistently infected dams. None of the progeny displayed viral antigen,
although they were strongly positive for IgG antibodies against hantavirus. There was neither hantavirus RNA nor virus-specific
IgM antibodies or virus-specific CD8
+ T cells in the progeny. These results did not show any indication for a vertical transmission of hantaviruses, at least in
the laboratory mouse model studied.
Content Type: Journal ArticleCategory Brief ReportDOI 10.1007/s00705-008-0156-0
Authors
Midori Taruishi, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Institute for Animal Experimentation Kita-ku, Kita-15, Nishi-7 Sapporo 060-8638 JapanKumiko Yoshimatsu, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Institute for Animal Experimentation Kita-ku, Kita-15, Nishi-7 Sapporo 060-8638 JapanRei Hatsuse, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Institute for Animal Experimentation Kita-ku, Kita-15, Nishi-7 Sapporo 060-8638 JapanMegumi Okumura, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Institute for Animal Experimentation Kita-ku, Kita-15, Nishi-7 Sapporo 060-8638 JapanIchiro Nakamura, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Institute for Animal Experimentation Kita-ku, Kita-15, Nishi-7 Sapporo 060-8638 JapanJiro Arikawa, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine Institute for Animal Experimentation Kita-ku, Kita-15, Nishi-7 Sapporo 060-8638 Japan
Archives of VirologyOnline ISSN: 1432-8798Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Volume 153
Volume 153, Number 8 / August, 2008
Abstract The sequence TAVSPTTLR is a conserved and linear neutralizing epitope on the glycoprotein E2 of classical swine fever virus.
In this study, TAVSPTTLR-directed antibodies, induced either by virions or by an epitope-focused immunogen, were characterized.
The results revealed that despite the same epitope specificity, the antibodies induced by different immunogens varied significantly
both in the neutralizing test and in binding inhibition assays. This suggests that the protective immunity induced by this
epitope is due to more than simply the epitope specificity and that this epitope might need essential contributions from its
flanking context to induce functional epitope-specific antibodies.
Content Type: Journal ArticleCategory Brief ReportDOI 10.1007/s00705-008-0147-1
Authors
Y. Qi, Tsinghua University, Protein Science Laboratory of MOE Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biology 100084 Beijing People's Republic of ChinaL. C. Liu, Tsinghua University, Protein Science Laboratory of MOE Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biology 100084 Beijing People's Republic of ChinaB. Q. Zhang, Tsinghua University, Protein Science Laboratory of MOE Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biology 100084 Beijing People's Republic of ChinaZ. Shen, Tsinghua University, Protein Science Laboratory of MOE Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biology 100084 Beijing People's Republic of ChinaJ. Wang, Tsinghua University, Protein Science Laboratory of MOE Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biology 100084 Beijing People's Republic of ChinaY. H. Chen, Tsinghua University, Protein Science Laboratory of MOE Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Biology 100084 Beijing People's Republic of China
Archives of VirologyOnline ISSN: 1432-8798Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Volume 153
Volume 153, Number 8 / August, 2008
Abstract A previously published partial sequence of pineapple bacilliform virus was shown to be from a retrotransposon (family
Metaviridae) and not from a badnavirus as previously thought. Two newly discovered sequence groups isolated from pineapple were associated
with bacilliform virions and were transmitted by mealybugs. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that they were members of new
badnavirus species. A third caulimovirid sequence was also amplified from pineapple, but available evidence suggests that
this DNA is not encapsidated, but more likely derived from an endogenous virus.
Content Type: Journal ArticleCategory Brief ReportDOI 10.1007/s00705-008-0160-4
Authors
C. F. Gambley, Horticulture and Forestry Science Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries 80 Meiers Road Indooroopilly Queensland 4068 AustraliaA. D. W. Geering, Horticulture and Forestry Science Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries 80 Meiers Road Indooroopilly Queensland 4068 AustraliaV. Steele, Horticulture and Forestry Science Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries 80 Meiers Road Indooroopilly Queensland 4068 AustraliaJ. E. Thomas, Horticulture and Forestry Science Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries 80 Meiers Road Indooroopilly Queensland 4068 Australia
Archives of VirologyOnline ISSN: 1432-8798Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Volume 153
Volume 153, Number 8 / August, 2008
Hop mosaic virus: complete nucleotide sequence and relationship to other carlaviruses
Content Type: Journal ArticleCategory Annotated Sequence RecordDOI 10.1007/s00705-008-0157-z
Authors
Fiona S. Poke, Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research 13 St Johns Ave New Town TAS 7008 Australia
Archives of VirologyOnline ISSN: 1432-8798Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Volume 153
Volume 153, Number 8 / August, 2008
Abstract Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) has been linked to Kaposi's sarcoma primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric
Castleman's disease. Intentional lytic induction of gammaherpesviruses in the presence of antiviral drugs is thought to be
an effective treatment option for gammaherpesvirus-related tumors. In this study, we used a cell-based fluorescence bioassay
system in which a KSHV-infected PEL cell line was stably transfected with a potent viral-promoter-driven reporter gene to
identify effective non-toxic reagents capable of inducing latent KSHV. Among 400 plant extracts screened, three extracts increased
reporter gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the three extracts activated the RTA promoter and induced
expression of lytic genes in the endogenous viral genomes of KSHV-infected tumor cells. Together, our results demonstrate
the effectiveness of a moderate-throughput screening system to identify natural products capable of inducing KSHV reactivation,
thereby facilitating the development of novel therapeutic agents for KSHV-associated malignancies.
Content Type: Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00705-008-0144-4
Authors
Hye-Jeong Cho, Korea University Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology West building Rm 303 136-713 Seoul Republic of KoreaFuqu Yu, University of California at Los Angeles Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology Los Angeles CA 90095 U.S.ARen Sun, University of California at Los Angeles Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology Los Angeles CA 90095 U.S.ADongho Lee, Korea University Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology West building Rm 303 136-713 Seoul Republic of KoreaMoon Jung Song, Korea University Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology West building Rm 303 136-713 Seoul Republic of Korea
Archives of VirologyOnline ISSN: 1432-8798Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Volume 153
Volume 153, Number 8 / August, 2008
Abstract The type strain of cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV-T) induces a local and systemic infection in California Blackeye cowpea
(
Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. subs.
unguiculata cv. California Blackeye), but accumulates to low levels in inoculated leaves and fails to accumulate systemically in the cowpea
plant introduction (PI) 186465. CCMV-R, a mutant strain derived from CCMV-T, accumulates to higher levels than CCMV-T in inoculated
leaves and systemically infects PI 186465 plants. The phenotypic determinant of CCMV-R was previously mapped to viral RNA1,
but the location of the determinant within RNA1 was not identified. Pseudorecombinants generated from genomic cDNA clones
of CCMV-T and CCMV-R indicated that the phenotypic differences on PI 186465 were independent of replication. Through the use
of chimeric RNA1 cDNA clones containing portions of CCMV-T and CCMV-R and site-directed mutagenesis, two nucleotides, 299
(amino acid residue 77) and 951 (amino acid residue 294), were identified as being independently critical for the local and
systemic accumulation patterns of CCMV-R in PI 186465 plants. A second independently derived CCMV-R-like mutant, identified
nucleotide 216 (amino acid residue 49) as being critical for induction of the CCMV-R infection phenotype. Amino acid residues
49, 77, and 294 are within the methytransferase domain of the CCMV 1a protein, suggesting that the methytransferase domain
has a role in cell-to-cell and systemic accumulation of the virus that is independent of replication.
Content Type: Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00705-008-0137-3
Authors
S. Quan, The University of Georgia Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Sciences Building Athens GA 30602-7274 USAR. S. Nelson, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Plant Biology Division P.O. Box 2180 Ardmore OK 73410 USAC. M. Deom, The University of Georgia Department of Plant Pathology, Plant Sciences Building Athens GA 30602-7274 USA
Archives of VirologyOnline ISSN: 1432-8798Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Volume 153
Volume 153, Number 8 / August, 2008
Abstract Human endogenous retroviruses HERV-W families have been identified from monozygotic twin pairs with schizophrenia and patients
with multiple sclerosis. Identification of retroviral RNA in the cerebrospinal fluids and brains of individuals with schizophrenia
indicated that the transcriptional activation of the HERV-W elements within the central nervous system could be associated
with the brain diseases. Here, we examined the expression of the HERV-W
env gene in tumor/normal adjacent tissues and various areas of brain tissues. In silico expression data indicated that 14 complete
HERV-W families from human chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, and Y are randomly expressed in various cancer tissues.
HERV-W
env transcripts did not show significant differences among the human tumor/normal adjacent tissues (colon, liver, uterus, breast,
and stomach). Quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis indicated that strong expression of the HERV-W
env gene was detected in the cerebral cortex and pons of the human brain.
Content Type: Journal ArticleCategory Brief ReportDOI 10.1007/s00705-008-0159-x
Authors
H.-S. Kim, Pusan National University Division of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences Pusan 609-735 Republic of KoreaK. Ahn, Pusan National University Division of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences Pusan 609-735 Republic of KoreaD.-S. Kim, Pusan National University PBBRC, Interdisciplinary Research Program of Bioinformatics Pusan 609-735 Republic of Korea
Archives of VirologyOnline ISSN: 1432-8798Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Volume 153
Volume 153, Number 8 / August, 2008
Abstract Recently, a classification system was proposed for rotaviruses in which all the 11 genomic RNA segments are used (Matthijnssens
et al. in J Virol 82:32043219, 2008). Based on nucleotide identity cut-off percentages, different genotypes were defined
for each genome segment. A nomenclature for the comparison of complete rotavirus genomes was considered in which the notations
Gx-P[x]-Ix-Rx-Cx-Mx-Ax-Nx-Tx-Ex-Hx are used for the VP7-VP4-VP6-VP1-VP2-VP3-NSP1-NSP2-NSP3-NSP4-NSP5/6 encoding genes, respectively.
This classification system is an extension of the previously applied genotype-based system which made use of the rotavirus
gene segments encoding VP4, VP7, VP6, and NSP4. In order to assign rotavirus strains to one of the established genotypes or
a new genotype, a standard procedure is proposed in this report. As more human and animal rotavirus genomes will be completely
sequenced, new genotypes for each of the 11 gene segments may be identified. A Rotavirus Classification Working Group (RCWG)
including specialists in molecular virology, infectious diseases, epidemiology, and public health was formed, which can assist
in the appropriate delineation of new genotypes, thus avoiding duplications and helping minimize errors. Scientists discovering
a potentially new rotavirus genotype for any of the 11 gene segments are invited to send the novel sequence to the RCWG, where
the sequence will be analyzed, and a new nomenclature will be advised as appropriate. The RCWG will update the list of classified
strains regularly and make this accessible on a website. Close collaboration with the Study Group
Reoviridae of the International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses will be maintained.
Content Type: Journal ArticleCategory Virology Division NewsDOI 10.1007/s00705-008-0155-1
Authors
Jelle Matthijnssens, University of Leuven Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven BelgiumMax Ciarlet, Merck & Co., Inc. Vaccine and Biologics—Clinical Research North Wales PA 19454 USAMustafizur Rahman, University of Leuven Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven BelgiumHoussam Attoui, Institute for Animal Health Department of Arbovirology Pirbright UKKrisztián Bányai, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Veterinary Medical Research Institute Hungária krt. 21 1143 Budapest HungaryMary K. Estes, Baylor College of Medicine Departments of Molecular Virology, Microbiology, Medicine—GI Houston TX USAJon R. Gentsch, CDC, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases Division of Viral Diseases Atlanta GA USAMiren Iturriza-Gómara, Centre for Infection, Health Protection Agency Enteric Virus Unit, Virus Reference Department Colindale London UKCarl D. Kirkwood, Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children Hospital Enteric Virus Group Victoria AustraliaVito Martella, University of Bari Department of Public Health and Animal Sciences Bari ItalyPeter P. C. Mertens, Institute for Animal Health Department of Arbovirology Pirbright UKOsamu Nakagomi, Nagasaki University Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Nagasaki 852-8523 JapanJohn T. Patton, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Bethesda MD 20892 USAFranco M. Ruggeri, Istituto Superiore di Sanitŕ Dipartimento di Sanitŕ alimentare e animale Rome ItalyLinda J. Saif, The Ohio State University Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center Ohio OH USANorma Santos, Instituto de Microbiologia—UFRJ Rio de Janerio BrazilAndrej Steyer, University of Ljubljana Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology Zaloska 4 1104 Ljubljana SloveniaKoki Taniguchi, Fujita Health University School of Medicine Department of Virology and Parasitology Toyoake Aichi 470-1192 JapanUlrich Desselberger, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge UKMarc Van Ranst, University of Leuven Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research Leuven Belgium
Archives of VirologyOnline ISSN: 1432-8798Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Volume 153
Volume 153, Number 8 / August, 2008
Abstract The I50V protease inhibitor (PI) resistance mutation was found in 87.4% of protease gene fragments sequenced from 199 nucleic
acid isolates extracted using an NASBA virus load assay, performed between 1997 and 2001 in Brazil. This mutation is an amprenavir-related
mutation, and at that particular time this PI was seldom used in Brazil. This mutation was found both in patients with and
without therapeutic success. Q calibrators showed the PI resistance mutation I50V when directly amplified and sequenced from
the 423-bp PCR product targeting protease gene. The majority of the patients' samples had a mixture of I50I and I50V; however,
this artifact was nor seen when a 989-bp PCR product was used. These results show that RNA extracted using virus load kits
need to be critically evaluated before being used in home-brew genotypic tests.
Content Type: Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00705-008-0138-2
Authors
A. Waléria-Aleixo, Federal University of Minas Gerais Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Infectious Diseases Service and School of Medicine Belo Horizonte BrazilD. B. Greco, Federal University of Minas Gerais Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Infectious Diseases Service and School of Medicine Belo Horizonte BrazilR. Brindeiro, Federal University of Minas Gerais Laboratório de Imunologia e Biologia Molecular, Infectious Diseases Service and School of Medicine Belo Horizonte BrazilA. Tanuri, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departament of Genetics Rio de Janeiro Brazil
Archives of VirologyOnline ISSN: 1432-8798Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Volume 153
Volume 153, Number 8 / August, 2008
Abstract Two tymoviruses were identified in plants of
Diascia ×
hybrida 'Sun Chimes™ Coral' that exhibited chlorotic mottling and reduced growth. A strain of Nemesia ring necrosis virus (NeRNV)
designated NeRNV-WA was detected in symptomatic plants; the deduced amino acid sequence is virtually identical to that of
the previously reported NeRNV-Nf from
Nemesia fruticosa. Sequence analysis also revealed the presence of a new tymovirus, and the entire genomic sequence of this virus was determined.
The genome of 6,290 nucleotides was organized into three potential open reading frames (ORFs) typical of viruses in the genus
Tymovirus. Based on sequence identity to tymovirus sequences, ORFs I to III encoded the replicase, movement protein and coat protein,
respectively. Amino acid sequence identities to those of NeRNV-Nf were 84.8, 50.3 and 94.8%, respectively. The 5'-untranslated
region could potentially form four hairpin structures. Secondary structure analysis of the 3'-terminus showed that the RNA
can form a transfer-RNA-like structure that has an anticodon specific for histidine. Only 77.9% nucleotide identity was found
when complete genomic sequences of this tymovirus from diascia and NeRNV-Nf were compared. The name Diascia yellow mottle
virus (DiaYMV) is proposed for this new tymovirus.
Content Type: Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00705-008-0149-z
Authors
A. T. Segwagwe, Botswana College of Agriculture Department of Crop Science and Production Gaborone BotswanaM. L. Putnam, Oregon State University Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Corvallis OR USAK. L. Druffel, Washington State University Department of Plant Pathology Pullman WA USAH. R. Pappu, Washington State University Department of Plant Pathology Pullman WA USAK. C. Eastwell, Washington State University, IAREC Department of Plant Pathology 24106 North Bunn Road Prosser WA 99350 USA
Archives of VirologyOnline ISSN: 1432-8798Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Volume 153
Volume 153, Number 8 / August, 2008
Abstract The use of the complete DNA sequence for the Marek's disease virus (MDV) serotype 1 vaccine strain CVI988 Rispens in comparative
genomic studies with virulent strains of MDV has revealed the presence of a number of insertions, deletions and single-nucleotide
polymorphisms. In this study, we investigated a SNP in the H/ACA box of the viral RNA subunit of telomerase (vTR). We sequenced
vTR from four different batches of CVI988 vaccine originating from a single commercial company. The A-to-G mutation defining
the SNP in the H/ACA box of CVI988 vTR was present in only some of the batches. Thus, although this mutation affects CVI988
vTR function, it is not shared by all CVI988 isolates and may be a stochastic rather than causative event in CVI988 attenuation.
Content Type: Journal ArticleCategory Brief ReportDOI 10.1007/s00705-008-0152-4
Authors
Manel Debba-Pavard, Equipe Télomérase et Lymphome Viro-Induit Unité IASP1282, INRA 37380 Nouzilly FranceHervé Le Galludec, Fort Dodge Animal Health Huizerstraatweg 117 1411 GM Naarden The NetherlandsGinette Dambrine, Equipe Télomérase et Lymphome Viro-Induit Unité IASP1282, INRA 37380 Nouzilly FranceDenis Rasschaert, Equipe Télomérase et Lymphome Viro-Induit Unité IASP1282, INRA 37380 Nouzilly France
Archives of VirologyOnline ISSN: 1432-8798Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Volume 153
Volume 153, Number 8 / August, 2008
Abstract Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a hepatotropic member of the family
Picornaviridae. Currently, the entire nucleotide sequence is available for only 26 HAV isolates. The complete genome sequence of genotype
IA HAV from strains isolated in South America, where genotype IA is the most prevalent genotype, remains unknown. In this
study, the complete nucleotide sequence was determined for a genotype IA HAV isolate recovered from a Uruguayan patient (HAV5).
Phylogenetic analysis performed using HAV5 and all available full-length IA genotype HAV strains revealed a high synonymous
substitution rate throughout the HAV polyprotein. The results of these studies revealed strong selection against amino acid
replacements along the HAV polyprotein and may explain, at least in part, the presence of a single HAV serotype.
Content Type: Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00705-008-0151-5
Authors
Laura García-Aguirre, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias Laboratorio de Virología Molecular Iguá 4225 11400 Montevideo UruguayJuan Cristina, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias Laboratorio de Virología Molecular Iguá 4225 11400 Montevideo Uruguay
Archives of VirologyOnline ISSN: 1432-8798Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Volume 153
Volume 153, Number 8 / August, 2008
Abstract The nucleocapsid protein of the European genotype of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (type 1, PRRSV-1)
exhibited extensive size polymorphism (124130 amino acids), correlating with phylogenetic grouping of ORF7 as well as ORF5
nucleotide sequences, thereby validating ORF7 size as an independent PRRSV-1 subtype marker. Based on new sequence information
from the Russian Federation, we propose division of European genotype PRRSV-1 into 3 subtypes: a pan-European subtype 1 and
East European subtypes 2 and 3, with nucleocapsid protein sizes of 128, 125 and 124 amino acids, respectively. The genetic
differences between European genotype PRRSV subtypes affected diagnostic RT-PCR primer binding sites. Using
Escherichia coli-expressed ORF7 protein, we confirmed that even the relatively closely related PRRSV subtypes 2 and 3 were antigenically different.
Finally, the isoelectric point (pI) correlated with the nucleocapsid protein size for European genotype PRRSV subtypes, suggesting
subtype-specific compensatory structural changes associated with subtype-specific ORF7 sizes. Thus, the new ORF7-based subtype
division of PRRSV-1 proposed here is biologically meaningful and practically relevant.
Content Type: Journal ArticleCategory Original ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00705-008-0146-2
Authors
Tomasz Stadejek, OIE Reference Laboratory for PRRS National Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Swine Diseases Partyzantów 57 24-100 Pulawy PolandMartin B. Oleksiewicz, Novo Nordisk A/S, Molecular Toxicology Mĺlřv DenmarkAlexei V. Scherbakov, OIE Collaborating Center for Diagnosis and Control of Animal Diseases in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and Transcaucasia Federal Centre for Animal Health (FGI 'ARRIAH') 600901 Yur'evets Vladimir RussiaAnna M. Timina, OIE Collaborating Center for Diagnosis and Control of Animal Diseases in Eastern Europe, Central Asia and Transcaucasia Federal Centre for Animal Health (FGI 'ARRIAH') 600901 Yur'evets Vladimir RussiaJonas S. Krabbe, Novo Nordisk A/S, Molecular Toxicology Mĺlřv DenmarkKatarzyna Chabros, OIE Reference Laboratory for PRRS National Veterinary Research Institute, Department of Swine Diseases Partyzantów 57 24-100 Pulawy PolandDenis Potapchuk, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus S.N. Vyshelesskij Institute of Experimental Veterinary Institute Minsk Belarus
Archives of VirologyOnline ISSN: 1432-8798Print ISSN: 0304-8608
Volume 153
Volume 153, Number 8 / August, 2008
